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This is because a deficiency reduces calcium absorption. Vitamin D deficiencies can cause conditions that affect the bones, such as osteomalacia and osteoporosis. If a person is concerned that they might not be getting enough vitamin D, a doctor can check for a deficiency via a blood test. People with such conditions may not eat foods that contain vitamin D due to dietary restrictions. People with malabsorption: Conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease affect the gut’s ability to absorb vitamin D.People who have undergone gastric bypass surgery may also need more vitamin D. People with obesity: Having a body mass index of 30 or over is associated with lower vitamin D levels, according to the NIH.However, it is unclear whether this has any health consequences. People with darker skin tones generate vitamin D from the sun more slowly than people with lighter skin. People with dark skin: Dark skin tones contain more melanin, which can reduce the amount of vitamin D the skin makes.Also, the skin’s ability to synthesize vitamin D declines with age. According to the NIH, around half of older adults with hip fractures in the United States may have inadequate vitamin D levels. Older adults: Older adults who spend a lot of time indoors may be at risk of developing a vitamin D deficiency.

People who live in colder climates may also get less sunlight exposure during the winter months. People who get less exposure to sunlight: People who cannot leave the house, work night shifts, or cover their skin for religious reasons may not get the sun exposure that the body needs to create enough vitamin D.The NIH reports that exclusively and partially breastfed infants receive 10 micrograms (mcg), or 400 international units (IU), of vitamin D per day until weaning. Infants drinking breast milk: This does not contain much vitamin D.According to the National Institutes for Health (NIH), these groups can include: Some people are more at risk of developing a vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for healthy bones, immune function, and cell growth.